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Term |
Definition |
| Predicted Transmitting Ability (PTA) |
Estimate of genetic superiority (inferiority) that an animal will transmit to offspring; PTA used for both makes and females; cows born in 1995 average 0 (milk, fat, protein, type). |
| Yield Deviation (YD) | Weighted average yield (milk, fat, protein) of a cow adjusted for management group, permanent environment and herd-size interaction effects. |
| Type Deviation (TD) | Weighted average score of a cow adjusted for management group, permanent environment, and herd-sire interaction. |
| Daughter Yield Deviation (DYD) | Weighted average of yield deviations (YD) of a bull's daughters adjusted for merit of their dams (milk, fat, protein). |
| Daughter Type Deviation (DTD) | Weighted average of type deviations (TD) of a bull's daughters adjusted for merit of the daughters' dams. |
| Reliability (REL) | Measure of amount of information in the evaluation; information from the animal, parents and progeny are considered. |
| Net Merit Dollars (NM$) | Net Merit measures the expected lifetime profit that an offspring of an animal will provide over its lifetime. It's based upon production, udder health, longevity and body size. |
| Percentile | Bulls are ranked on Net Merit. USDA's Elite Cow list is based on the percentile ranking for NM$. The highest ranking is 99%. |
| Predicted Producing Ability (PPA) | Prediction of a cow's performance in future lactations; total of predictions for breeding value, herd-sire effect and permanent environment effect (milk, fat, protein). |
| Standardized Transmitting Ability (STA) | PTA expressed on a standardized scale, relative to the average PTA and genetic variation of cows born in 1995. |
| Multiple-Trait Across Country Evaluation (MACE) | This process combines genetic evaluations form around the world. |